The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic exposed insecurities and inequalities in schools. As such, there has been changing pedagogy in rural secondary schools in the uMkhanyakude district. Teachers adopted the technology, pedagogy, content, and spaces (TPeCS) knowledge framework, integrating planned behaviour. Teachers and learners engaged in discussion as a means of teaching and learning mathematics after school hours. This implicated cultural and sociological dimensions that were common among rural teachers and learners. Although the findings of this study could not be generalised, an all-encompassing framework for rural secondary school teachers and learners through online discussions is recommended. Novel technology-enhanced out-of-school teaching and learning activities were developed through progressive, participatory action-research. Furthermore, the findings support collaboration and a new contextualised theory called the technology, pedagogy, content, interaction, and spaces (TPeCIS) knowledge framework.

https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v43ns1a2413

ORCiD iD of author:
Lindiwe C. Mthethwa - https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9170-369X